A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, makamashin hydrogen ya sake zama muhimmin batu a cikin sabon fannin makamashi. An lissafa masana'antar hydrogen a fili a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antun da ke tasowa don ci gaba, tare da sassa kamar sabbin kayayyaki da magunguna masu ƙirƙira. Rahotanni sun jaddada buƙatar haɓaka sabbin injunan haɓaka, gami da kera halittu, jiragen sama na kasuwanci, da tattalin arzikin ƙasa mai tsayi, yayin da aka ba da fifiko kan haɓaka ci gaban masana'antar hydrogen a karon farko. Wannan yana nuna babban ƙarfin makamashin hydrogen.
A halin yanzu, samar da hydrogen mai tushen kwal ya mamaye tsarin samar da kayayyaki, wanda ya kai kashi 64%, sai kuma hydrogen mai tushen masana'antu (21%), hydrogen mai tushen iskar gas (14%), da sauran hanyoyi (1%). Wannan ya nuna cewa samar da hydrogen mai tushen mai yana da cikakken rinjaye a kashi 99%, yayin da "hydrogen kore" da sauran hanyoyin da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar lantarki suka kasance marasa iyaka. Saboda haka, tashoshin mai na hydrogen na yanzu galibi suna amfani da tsarin jigilar kayayyaki-ajiye-ajiye mai zuwa: Kamfanonin mai a yankuna masu nisa suna samar da hydrogen daga man fetur, suna matse hydrogen mai ƙarancin matsin lamba (yawanci ~1.5MPa) zuwa ~20MPa ta amfani da na'urorin matsa lamba, sannan su adana shi a cikin tireloli na bututun 22MPa. Daga nan ana jigilar hydrogen zuwa tashoshin mai, inda ake matsa shi na biyu zuwa 45MPa don motocin mai. Wannan samfurin da aka raba shi da sarari yana ƙara farashin sufuri, kuɗin kayan aiki, da amfani da lokaci, yayin da yake ci gaba da kasancewa ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa ta hanyar samar da "hydrogen toka" mai dogaro da man fetur.
Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idojin da ake da su a yanzu, an rarraba hydrogen a matsayin sinadarai masu haɗari masu kama da wuta da fashewa. Sakamakon haka, ayyukan samar da hydrogen galibi suna mai da hankali ne a wuraren shakatawa na sinadarai masu nisa waɗanda ke da tsauraran matakan tsaro da muhalli.
Tare da ci gaban fasahar electrolysis, farashin samar da hydrogen mai kore yana raguwa a hankali. A lokaci guda, manufofin muhalli kamar "kololuwar carbon da tsaka tsaki na carbon" suna tura hydrogen mai kore zuwa muhimmin alkibla ga ci gaban makamashin iskar gas na gaba. Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya ta yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2030, fasahar hydrogen mai ƙarancin carbon kamar electrolysis za ta dauki nauyin kashi 14% na kasuwar hydrogen, wanda hakan ke tasiri sosai ga tsarin tashoshin mai. Samar da sinadarin electrolysis, tare da kayan abinci masu sauƙi da sauƙin samu, yana ba da damar samar da hydrogen fiye da wuraren shakatawa na sinadarai na gargajiya. Matsi kai tsaye na hydrogen da aka samar a wurin don sake mai a ababen hawa yana kawar da sufuri mai nisa da matsi na biyu, yana rage farashin tattalin arziki da lokaci.
Domin daidaitawa da babban sarkar samar da iskar hydrogen mai tushen man fetur, nau'ikan matsawa guda biyu na diaphragm a halin yanzu sun mamaye kasuwa: 1) Na'urorin cika hydrogen tare da matsin lamba na ~1.5MPa da matsin lamba na fitarwa 20-22MPa; 2) Matakan cika mai tare da matsin lamba na ɗaukar mai 5-20MPa da matsin lamba na fitarwa 45MPa. Duk da haka, wannan tsari mai matakai biyu yana buƙatar aiki mai kyau na dukkan na'urorin biyu. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da matsin lamba na silinda na ajiyar hydrogen ya faɗi ƙasa da 5MPa, matsawa masu cika mai ba za su iya aiki ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin amfani da hydrogen.
Sabanin haka, tashoshin samar da mai na hydrogen da aka haɗa suna nuna ingantaccen aiki. A cikin wannan samfurin, ana iya matse hydrogen daga electrolysis kai tsaye daga ~1.5MPa zuwa 45MPa ta amfani da na'urar kwampreso diaphragm guda ɗaya, wanda hakan ke rage yawan kayan aiki da lokacin da ake kashewa sosai. Ƙananan matsi na sha (1.5MPa vs. 5MPa) shi ma yana inganta amfani da hydrogen sosai.
Yayin da fasahar lantarki ke ci gaba, ana sa ran tashoshin hydrogen da aka haɗa za su sami karɓuwa mai yawa, wanda hakan ke haifar da buƙatar kasuwa ga na'urorin compressors na diaphragm 1.5MPa-zuwa-45MPa. Kamfaninmu yana da cikakkun ƙwarewar ƙira da ƙera don samar da mafita na musamman don wannan yanayin aikace-aikacen. Tare da ƙaruwar yawan samar da hydrogen kore, ana sa ran tashoshin da aka haɗa za su yaɗu, suna faɗaɗa yuwuwar aikace-aikacen na'urorin compressors na diaphragm da kuma fayil ɗin samfuranmu yayin da suke samar da mafita masu inganci don cike mai.
Duk da haka, akwai ƙalubale da ke tattare da haɓaka tashoshin hydrogen da aka haɗa da na'urorin compressors, waɗanda suka haɗa da hauhawar farashin electrolysis, rarrabuwar sinadarai masu haɗari na hydrogen, da kuma rashin cikakken tsarin hydrogen. Magance waɗannan matsalolin yadda ya kamata zai zama mahimmanci ga haɓaka tsarin makamashin hydrogen da aka haɗa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-27-2025