A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, makamashin hydrogen ya sake fitowa a matsayin wani muhimmin batu a cikin sabon bangaren makamashi. An jera masana'antar hydrogen a sarari a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana'antu masu tasowa don haɓakawa, tare da sassa kamar sabbin kayayyaki da sabbin magunguna. Rahotanni sun jaddada bukatar noma sabbin injunan ci gaba, da suka hada da kera halittu, sararin samaniyar kasuwanci, da tattalin arzikin kasa mai tsayi, yayin da aka ba da fifiko ga ci gaban masana'antar hydrogen a karon farko. Wannan yana nuna babban yuwuwar makamashin hydrogen.
A halin yanzu, samar da hydrogen da ke da tushen kwal ya mamaye tsarin samar da kayayyaki, wanda ya kai kashi 64%, sai hydrogen ta hanyar masana'antu (21%), hydrogen mai tushen iskar gas (14%), da sauran hanyoyin (1%). Wannan ya bayyana cewa samar da hydrogen na tushen man fetur yana da cikakken rinjaye a kashi 99%, yayin da "koren hydrogen" na tushen electrolysis da sauran hanyoyin sun kasance a gefe. Sakamakon haka, tashoshin mai na hydrogen na yanzu suna ɗaukar samfurin samarwa-ajiya- jigilar kayayyaki: Kamfanonin Petrochemical a wurare masu nisa suna samar da hydrogen daga burbushin burbushin halittu, suna damfara ƙarancin matsin lamba (yawanci ~ 1.5MPa) zuwa ~ 20MPa ta amfani da compressors, kuma suna adana shi a cikin tirela na bututun 22MPa. Sannan ana jigilar hydrogen din zuwa tashoshin mai, inda za a rika matsawa na biyu zuwa 45MPa na motocin dakon mai. Wannan samfurin rarrabuwar kawuna yana ƙara farashin sufuri, kuɗin kayan aiki, da kuma amfani da lokaci, yayin da ya rage taƙawa ta hanyar samar da “hydrogen grey” mai dogaro da mai.
Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin yanzu, an rarraba hydrogen a matsayin sinadari mai ƙonewa da fashewa. Sakamakon haka, ayyukan samar da hydrogen sun fi mayar da hankali ne a wuraren shakatawa na sinadarai masu nisa tare da tsayayyen aminci da bukatun muhalli.
Tare da haɓaka fasahar lantarki, farashin samar da koren hydrogen yana raguwa a hankali. A lokaci guda, manufofin muhalli kamar "carbon peaking da carbon neutrality" suna tuƙi koren hydrogen don zama muhimmin alkibla don haɓaka makamashin iskar gas na gaba. Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta yi hasashen cewa nan da shekarar 2030, fasahohin hydrogen masu karancin carbon kamar electrolysis za su kai kashi 14% na kasuwar hydrogen, wanda ke yin tasiri sosai kan shimfidar tashoshin mai. Samar da tushen Electrolysis, tare da sauƙin abinci mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi, yana ba da damar samar da hydrogen fiye da wuraren shakatawa na sinadarai na gargajiya. Matsa kai tsaye a kan wurin da aka samar da hydrogen don samar da mai na abin hawa yana kawar da sufuri mai nisa da matsawa na biyu, yadda ya kamata ya rage farashin tattalin arziki da lokaci.
Don daidaitawa da sarkar samar da iskar hydrogen mai tushen burbushin mai, nau'ikan nau'ikan kwamfurori guda biyu a halin yanzu suna mamaye kasuwa: 1) Rukunin cika ruwa na hydrogen tare da matsa lamba 1.5MPa da matsa lamba na 20-22MPa; 2) Kwamfutocin tashar mai tare da matsa lamba 5-20MPa da matsa lamba 45MPa. Koyaya, wannan tsari na matakai biyu yana buƙatar aiki tare na sassan biyu. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da ma'aunin silinda na ajiyar hydrogen ya faɗi ƙasa da 5MPa, damfarar mai ta zama mara aiki, yana haifar da ƙarancin amfani da hydrogen.
Sabanin haka, haɗaɗɗen tashoshin samar da iskar hydrogen suna nuna ingantaccen inganci. A cikin wannan samfurin, hydrogen daga electrolysis za a iya kai tsaye matsa daga ~ 1.5MPa zuwa 45MPa ta amfani da guda diaphragm kwampreso, muhimmanci rage kayan aiki da lokaci farashin. Matsakaicin matsi na abin sha (1.5MPa vs. 5MPa) shima yana inganta amfani da hydrogen sosai.
Kamar yadda fasahar electrolysis ke ci gaba, ana sa ran haɗaɗɗun tashoshin hydrogen za su sami karɓuwa mai fa'ida, tuki da buƙatun kasuwa don 1.5MPa-zuwa-45MPa kwamfarar diaphragm. Kamfaninmu yana da cikakkiyar ƙira da ƙwarewar masana'antu don samar da mafita na musamman don wannan yanayin aikace-aikacen. Tare da haɓakar haɓakar samar da koren hydrogen, haɗin haɗin gwiwar tashoshi ana hasashen za su yaɗu, yana faɗaɗa duka buƙatun aikace-aikacen na compressors diaphragm da fayil ɗin samfuran mu yayin isar da sabbin hanyoyin samar da mai.
Duk da haka, ƙalubale na ci gaba da haɓaka haɗaɗɗun tashoshi na hydrogen da masu haɗawa da kwampreso, gami da tsadar wutar lantarki, rarrabuwar sinadarai masu haɗari na hydrogen, da ƙarancin kayan aikin hydrogen. Yin magance waɗannan batutuwa yadda ya kamata zai zama mahimmanci don haɓaka tsarin haɗaɗɗiyar makamashin hydrogen.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-27-2025